With respect to vehicles and auto sector what does ADC and APS meaning, importance and function of ADC and APS

ADC (Automatic Distance Control)

The Automatic Distance control (ADC) technology is similar with the DISTRONIC system from Mercedes-Benz. It is in essence a combination between Cruise Control and a radar based speed control system. When activated, the speed control system can make the car keep a constant distance to another vehicle in front independent of driver input.

If the radar determines an impending frontal crash is unavoidable it emits a collision warning and then automatically slows down the car to avoid it. Newer generations are actually able to bring the vehicle to a full stop behind the car ahead if necessary.


APS (Acoustic Parking System)
The Acoustic Parking System (APS) uses ultrasonic sensors installed at the rear as well as at the front of a vehicle to make parking easier. Using information from the sensors, a microprocessor calculates how far is the car from an obstacle. An intermittent warning tone or lights on a display are usually used to give the driver warning of an impending impact with any object caught by the ultrasonic sensors' sight.

In automobile industry, what does ACC stands for and what are it's benefits?

Automatic Climate Control (ACC)

The Automatic Climate Control is an air-conditioning unit which can automatically set the temperature desired by the driver without being influenced by the outside temperature or other factors. The most advanced climate control systems nowadays use different sensors and can take into account outside temperature, the sun rays' intensity and even the angle on which they're setting on the car in order to automatically regulate the temperature requested by the driver.

What does the acronym ABS stands for? What is the significance of ABS in aviation and auto industry with respect to passenger safety?

Antilock Braking System (ABS)

Originally developed for aircraft braking systems in the first half of the twentieth century, the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is essentially used to improve stability during braking and in some cases it can even shorten braking distances altogether. Appearing in various mechanical forms before, the first modern electronic four-wheel ABS system was co-developed by Mercedes-Benz and Bosch.

In cars without ABS, during hard braking the wheels lock, thus making impossible for the car to be steered and the vehicle most likely skids into the obstacle the driver is trying to avoid. The ABS prevents wheel lock-up during braking maneuvers by using sensors which can determine if any wheel is slowing down more than the others and computer-controlled valves which can limit the pressure delivered to each brake cylinder on demand. The whole system is controlled via a master ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

Since the ABS constantly pumps the brakes during a braking maneuver the driver can concentrate on steering the car while applying constant pressure on the brake pedal, without fear of losing control of the car's direction. Also, while braking on uneven surfaces (left tires on gravel and right ones on tarmac, for example) the ABS can keep the car's stability under control.

What is the meaning of 4WD and 4X2 with respect to automobile industry and vehicle in general

4WD (Four Wheel Drive)
Four Wheel Drive is a system which transfers engine power to four wheels independently and is mostly found on SUVs (sport utility vehicles) and all-terrain vehicles. By using differentials it can transfer almost any amount of power percentage to any of the four driving wheels.

4X2 (Two Wheel Drive)
This expression is used to describe a vehicle with only two wheel drive. The first figure is the total number of wheels, and the second is the number of driving wheels. In some countries it's essentially a different name for rear-wheel drive vehicles (RWD), unlike 2X4, which can be used for describing a front-wheel drive vehicle (FWD).